WPC _y_nyL FLEgVfDž:DpEA&viLd?/Bء_xc俼U9#SOe"v=p !خFNm.R}2 YNNdN0͛Owg.|r|w%( Gלp b^@ \^JGF=v{,xTz<9r]D%lKj6Ev*t!c>!8,0I  /vsUq"z"NYd{Uf \LŜyt e/Ր 50nIÅ\߻$QJ?(|։c$ }~\a:l-ߣ2m}|+ԡ9{.`uo%Ѝ8Y pCmC8U9@ %PV 08 0 0\ 0 0 0if G 00 0 B D3 0 0=3 0p AS M` Cfa'f> B*> 0> D+??nXB 1mC 0c_DDnD 0FWG 0 H 0DH*II4JJaJULJ BGK#dK AMK7L 0SL@HPMo $Mp$q hD h> J\  `(Times NewRomanTT'  *94/109 final BFrancisco J. L;pez HernndezB0Francisco J. L;pez Hernndez .   h:Default ParaDefault Paragraph Font        ^:endnote refeendnote reference        `:footnote reffootnote reference        <5K.footerfooter           5+ ` hp x (#5<5K.headerheader           5+ ` hp x (#5V:footnote texfootnote text  U\  `(Times NewRomanTTU        XXXU\  `(Times NewRomanTTU =  C'X@XX@XXX@       X      ! !!IXX@ May1994Q))Qdoc:IEEEP802.1194/151 X@XIԈ N      ! X!!  <( 9 AIQ!X<(u2C$ $W!X@XX@XXX@  X   &  C)X@XX@XXX@    ]L<8z X  0 @ H@] N      X       ?+ ` hp x (#?  <( 9 AIQ!X<(u2C$ $W!X@XX@XXX@  X   d'dxd Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(u2C$ $W!X@XX@XXX@  X  ($    (u2C$ $W!X@XX@XXX@  X  E<< c  C C"X@XX@XXX@      X      ! !!submissionQ   page@    1  A  ԈdTabla_A ' C"X@XX@XXX@   *s, ddd Xdd Xdd Xs,dd",dd",dd",dd",dd",dd",dd"+  *  /*-%XX@-1 -%$ddJXX$ #-XӪ X -1#PowerBudget-1  X-XӪ 9(" 9#-% -1##X@X-%^#-XӪ XXX@-1  X-XӪ4PPM // @2Mb/s#-% -1##X@X-%#-XӪ XXX@-1  X-XӪ 9(" 9FQPSK@4Mb/s 9(" 9#-% -1#-1 -%#-XӪ X -1#-1  X-XӪ4PPM //  @2Mb/s#-% -1##X@X-%#-XӪ XXX@-1  X-XӪ 9( " 9FQPSK@10Mb/s 9(" 9#-% -1L##X@X-%k#-XӪ XXX@-1  X-XӪ4PPM // @10Mb/s#-% -1P##X@X-%o#-%XX@-1 -% ;(" ;FQPSK@10Mb/s <2#" /0  /< 0. Spectralefficiency.(20dBr),  inb/s/Hz K< ?0,4?K0.4 {h>" ?0,4 ?  ?1?{1 wh<"  ?1 ? ?0,4?w0.4 {h>" ?0,4 ?  ?1?{1 wh<"  ?1 ? ?0,4?w0.4 {h>" ?0,4 ?  ?1?{1 `QB"  ?1 /0 ? /` 1.RelativeRxbandwidth VG  0V0 |i<"  0  -4,5|Є4.5 xi?" -4,5   0x0 |i< "  0  -0,5|Є0.5 xi?!" -0,5   @7@x7 |i<""  @7 @ -0,5|Є0.5 cTE#" -0,5 /0  /c 2. #-% -1#-1 -%#-XӪ X -1#-1  X-XӪIncreaseofTxpowerfor $ achievingthesameS/NandBERperformance,withthesamebandwidth#-% -1##X@X-%#-XӪ XXX@-1  X-XӪ VG'  0V0 ZG<("  0  Z+4.5 VG)"  0V0 ZG<*"  0  Z+4.5 VG+"  0V0 ZG<,"  0  Z+4.5 A2#-" /0  /A 3. BatteryDCTx-power ? ? . incrementduetotransmissiontime. VG 0  0V0 yf<? ? 1"  0   0y0 uf<? ? 2"  0   0u0 zg<? ? 3"  0   -4zЄ4 vg=? ? 4"  -4   0v0 ZG<? ? 5"  0  Z+3 A2#? ? 6" /0  /A 4. Powerreductionbylower  7 processingtime,atthereceiver VGk k 9  0V0 zg< :"  0   -1zЄ1 vg= ;"  -1   0v0 zg< <"  0   -1zЄ1 vg= ="  -1   0v0 yf< >"  0   0y0 bQB ?"  0 /0  /b 5. Subtotal. XG@  0X0 zg<A"  0   -1zЄ1 xg=B"  -1   0x0 zg<C"  0   -1zЄ1 xg=D"  -1   @7@x7 yf<E"  @7 @  @7@y7 [QBF"  @7 /0 @ /[ 6. FQPSKvs.4PPM 2G 2+1 B/ H" B+1 aN I"  0a0 cTEJ"  0 /0  /c 7. Increaseduetomultipath K inducedISI. VGL  0V0 yf<M"  0   0y0 uf<N"  0   0u0 ZG<O"  0  Z+1 7(P" 7+15 ;(Q" ;+1 A2#R" /0  /A 8. Increasedueto S syncronizationerrors VG}}T  0V0 yf<U"  0   0y0 uf<V"  0   0u0 yf<W"  0   0y0 VG<X"  0  V+2 ZGY"  0Z0 bQBZ"  0 /0  /b 9. Total(5+7+8) XG[  0X0 zg<\"  0   -1zЄ1 xg=]"  -1   0x0 yf<^"  0   0y0 XG<_"  0  X+24 ZG`"  ?1?Z1 [QBa"  ?1 /0 ? /[ 10. Net total difference 2b 2 +1 aN c"  0a 0 n?d"  0   7@237@ 23 VLJe"  7@23 /0 7@ V#-% -1##X@X-%#\&0 d d(v3$ $W!X@XX@XXX@  X  'dxd  C#X@XX@XXX@   ESUS.,-%XX@Table2:   Powerefficiencycomparisonof2and10Mb/sratebaseband4PPMand4and10  Mb/smodulatedFQPSKsystems.ProposeddraftspecificationsapprovedbyIRPHYworkinggroupare1Mb/s16PPMand2Mb/s4PPM,and4and10Mb/sFQPSK.ThistableispartlybasedonexperimentalresultsofIBM,DECandAT&TsupportedprogramsandUniversityofCallifornia,Berkeley(ref.1)extensivestudies,aswellasoursysteminvestigations.     US.,ES,.k#X@X-%}#ԫ\  `(Times NewRomanTTC\  P6QP\  `(Times NewRomanTTXXP\  P6QXP!#Ae37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)(;3$2Ae  0  .3  0  3|x\  `(Times NewRomanTTC\  P6QP\  `(Times NewRomanTTXXP\  P6QXP\  `(Times NewRomanTT^\  P6QP(ZW$X,XX,XXX,  X &н$X@XX@XXX@      1    ݀E.T.S.I.Telecomunicaci;n.UPM.Madrid.Spain.(v(3н$ $W!X@XX@XXX@  X      0  (#$  0   &н$X@XX@XXX@      2    ݀E.T.S.I.Telecomunicaci;n.ULPGC.CanaryIslands.Spain &н$X@XX@XXX@      3    ݀SiemensOptoelectronical.Munich.Germanysu3   TABLA B(@ Z 4Times New Roman NormalP PdHP LaserJet 4HP4.PRS,8tt8,/6o6.=vʌ )312A<< CNivel 1Nivel 2Nivel 3Nivel 4Nivel 5(( $ Ilustraci;n  1  45E:\DOC\IEEE802.11\DOCS\GRID.BMPWPC%2!&%51$*!M!p%JJ 3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3f3333f3333333333f3333333f3f33ff3f3f3f3333f3333333f3̙333333f333ff3ffffff3f33f3ff3f3f3ffff3fffffffffff3fffffff3fff̙ffff3fffff3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff̙̙3̙f̙̙̙3f̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3f"""DDDUUUwwwMZ}~,Z~~~݆,~~                   ~8b~  ],,,,~ֆ,~~,~,~~8b~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,Z ,Z",=,Z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,Z",=,Z~~~~~~~~#8U ~~~                 ~,͈  ~|,~5ֆ,~~#r,U ~~,~8b~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~y~    s,,=,Z~~~~~~~~~~~~݆,~~              ,     ~~,% %m,,~      ,~ֆ,~,~#r8 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~% %m֍,Z~~~~~~~~~~~~~,Z",=,Z~~~",~d~d~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,Z",=,Z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,~~              ,     ~,,~,,,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,QgvN+'$*"LLe`S<  9p`(&Times New RomanS @1s$*#GK@ ٿ WS<  9p`(&Times New RomanS @1Mb/s16PPM$*$: S<  9p`(&Times New RomanS @2Mb/s4PPM$*%""r|IeS<  9p`(&Times New RomanS @4Mb/sFQPSK$*&RRR9M6l\1S<  9p`(&Times New RomanS @10Mb/sFQPSK | WPWin 6.0/OLE 1.0 Prefix Information Marker WPGraphic21 $WPC%2!&%51$*!M!p%JJ 3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3f3333f3333333333f3333333f3f33ff3f3f3f3333f3333333f3̙333333f333ff3ffffff3f33f3ff3f3f3ffff3fffffffffff3fffffff3fff̙ffff3fffff3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff̙̙3̙f̙̙̙3f̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3f"""DDDUUUwwwMZ}~,Z~~~݆,~~                   ~8b~  ],,,,~ֆ,~~,~,~~8b~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,Z ,Z",=,Z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,Z",=,Z~~~~~~~~#8U ~~~                 ~,͈  ~|,~5ֆ,~~#r,U ~~,~8b~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~y~    s,,=,Z~~~~~~~~~~~~݆,~~              ,     ~~,% %m,,~      ,~ֆ,~,~#r8 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~% %m֍,Z~~~~~~~~~~~~~,Z",=,Z~~~",~d~d~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,Z",=,Z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,~~              ,     ~,,~,,,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,QgvN+'$*"LLe`S<  9p`(&Times New RomanS @1s$*#GK@ ٿ WS<  9p`(&Times New RomanS @1Mb/s16PPM$*$: S<  9p`(&Times New RomanS @2Mb/s4PPM$*%""r|IeS<  9p`(&Times New RomanS @4Mb/sFQPSK$*&RRR9M6l\1S<  9p`(&Times New RomanS @10Mb/sFQPSK | O@@@$@@$@???????@@@@@@@@@@@@??@?.@?  @     @  "@     8@ ? $@ ?  7@TABLA B $W!X@XX@XXX@  X  ESUS.,TRY3' Carta3'3' Carta3'TNN    v  +rр IEEE802.11   WirelessAccessMethodandPhysicalLayerSpecification  Title:  LowPowerIR4Mb/sand10Mb/sFQPSKand1Mb/sand2Mb/sPPM  ComponentsandSystems.0  09  9 9   Authors:  9   v F.J.L;pez-Hernndez% '#  1      ,M.J.Betancor(y '#  2      ,W.JustandH.Kindl) '#  3       h _ 9%  AIQ!X9 Abstract:  : 1    ?( 9 AIQ! X?BasedonjointUPM,ULPGCsystemandSiemensIRcomponentsinvestigationandindepthstudies,aswellasconfirmedbyUCBerkeleydiagramssupportedbyIBM,DECandAT&T,ithasbeenconcludedanditisshownthatFQPSKoperatedatbitratesof4Mb/sand10Mb/sismorepower(DCpower)efficientthancomparablePPMsystems.ItisshownthetthecarriermodulatedhigherbitrateFQPSKcomponentsrequiresignificantlylowerpowerthan4PPMat2Mb/s.TheFQPSKsystemisalso6timesmorespectrallyefficientthanthecorrespondingPPMsystems,whichisalsoasignificantadvantagefromatransmissionspeedandcapacitypointofview.BasedontheextensivedataitisdemonstratedthatfromallpreviousproposaloftheIRPHYWG,onlyFQPSKisaviableoptionforthe4and10Mb/srates. Introduction   ItisusuallyassumedthatPPMisthemostpowersavingtechnique,inthissubmissionwedemonstratethatthisisnotquitetrue,atleastfortheschemesacceptedbytheIRPHYworkinggroup.Thesemodulationandcodificationschemesare:  1.  9 16PPMat1Mb/s ne   2.  9 4PPMat2Mb/s W N   3.  9 FQPSKat4Mb/s @!7   4.  9 FQPSKat10Mb/s )"   Arealisticapproachtotheenergyproblemshouldbebasedonframeenergy,i.e.theenergyneededtosendaframeofdata,notonthepowerneededtosendasinglebit. Themostimportantfactortobetakenintoaccountistheelectricalcurrentdemanded % $ bytheopticalemitter(LED),otherconsumptionscanbeneglectedbecausetheyrepresentlessthan10%ofthetotal. EnergyCalculation   Duetodifferentrates,wecalculatedtheenergyneededtosend20databits.Fromthefigure1,itiseasilyseenthatthetimewhiletheLEDisintheONstaterepresentstheenergyusedtosendthe20bits.Theactualvaluecanbeobtainedmultiplyingthistimebythecurrentamplitude(A)andthedirectvoltageacrosstheLED(Vd)beingthisintherange1.82.1Volts.. #  Thevaluescalculatedare:H1k9 AIQ!9 XH   9  *s  ddd Xdd Xdd Xs,J:@,;:J@+  7"   C7' 9 kX'PPMat1Mb/s =( C C=! u 9 X!1.25%s P;# C3   CP! 9 u !PPMat2Mb/s =( C C=! u 9 X!2.5%s J;# C3  CJ! 9 u !FQPSKat4Mb/s ;(C C;! u 9 X!2.5%s L;#C3   CL! 9 u !FQPSKat10Mb/s ;(C C;! u 9 X!1.0%s3)'C3    3<( 9 AIQ!u < SystemConsiderations;  md Basedinthepreviousresultsandthedatafrom(1)thetotalconsumptioncanberesumedinthetable2: gR8  09 8 9 9 0 G G GG   <%  AIQ!9 X< NotesforTable2: D; B( 9 AIQ! XB0 .8  Spectralefficiency,inb/s/Hz,of4PPMis0.4,thatis2Mb/sneeds  5MHZ,for20dBrspectralattenuation.ForFQPSKitismorethan1b/s/Hz.   1. 8  Receiverbandwidth:Forsamebitrate,4PPMrequiresmorethan !" 2.5timesFQPSKsbandwidth.   2. 8  Basedon[1],theIR-transmitterpowerrequirementisdefinedfor #$ achievingthesameS/NofthecomparedsystemsforassumedsamereceiverbandwidthandBER.Increased(2.5times)bandwidthof4PPMrelativetoFQPSKisnottakenintoaccount.(Seefigure9onpg.22ofreference1)   3. 8  BatteryDCpowerconsumptionwillbesmallerifmessageis (#) transmittedinshortertime.   4. 8  Batteryprocessingpowerofreceiverisreducedinhighrate *%+ systems,assumingthesamemessagelength.[2]+&, +r    +r    +r    +r    +r    +r    +r     5. 8  Apositivenumberrepresentanincreaseinpowerconsumption.   N;+'x p  `N߰6. 8  Advantage(indB)inaidealizedsystem(withoutdelayspread,full 7$. syncronizedclock,etc.).Thisisaveryoptimisticsituation.   7. 8  DispersioncausesISIandBERperformancedegradation.Thiscan S&J! bemitigatedbyincreasedpower.Thesevaluesarefora30nsdelayspread,butitcanbemuchlarger.   8. 8  SyncronizationerrorscausemoredegradationforPPMsystems. X)O$ ThisisbecauseinPPMthepulseisdefinedin250ns,whileinFQPSK,at4Mb/sthedefinitiontimeforasymbolis500ns.   9. 8  Totalincreaseofpowertobeemittedinamorerealisticcase.],T'" +r    10. 8  AdvantageofFQPSKover4PPM,indB.Thispowerdifference   representstheratiobetweenPPMandFFQPSKamplitudes   Conclussions:  XO IthasbeendemonstratedthatmodulationschemeneedslessenergytoworkthanPPM,whichisimportantforbatterypoweredportablesystems.Theextrabenefitisthatthelowerconsumptionisgotathigherdatarateswithanimprovementonsystemperformance.  Astable2shows,FQPSKoutperformsorequal4PPM(requireslesspower)andoffersmuchhigherbitrates. 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